Gaining a common understanding of transformation pathways in agri-food Shared learning among partners of a Horizon Europe project
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Published
12-08-2025
Rebekka Frick
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-6320
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-4232
Abstract
Researchers across scientific disciplines widely agree that agri-food systems need transformation, yet they rarely agree on the specific form this transformation should take. This study makes researchers' views of desirable agri-food systems transformation pathways explicit. Using the repertory grid methodology, we elicited personal constructs from researchers with expertise in 101 European initiatives, representing diverse scales, approaches, and objectives of transformation. Embedded in this methodology, personal construct elicitation reveals researchers' tacit knowledge and implicit assumptions. Results from this study reveal high convergence among researchers on the importance of stakeholder inclusion, autonomy, scope of ambitions, and anchoring in farming practices in transformation initiatives. However, researchers diverge in their views on how market orientation relates to transformative potential. Our findings demonstrate that while researchers broadly agree on key dimensions for describing transformation pathways in agri-food systems, they differ in their assessment of what makes initiatives truly transformative. Implications from these findings highlight the need for interdisciplinary research projects to reflect on how, when, and to what extent to engage in stakeholder participation and farmer engagement, as well as on whether transformative actions should be planned or emergent, and adaptive or disruptive, depending on the desired agri-food systems transformation.
How to Cite
Frick, R. (2025) “Gaining a common understanding of transformation pathways in agri-food: Shared learning among partners of a Horizon Europe project”, The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 31(1), pp. 161–180. doi:10.48416/ijsaf.v31i1.647.
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Keywords
Transformation, agri-food system, pathways, interdisciplinarity, repertory grid
References
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Büchs, M. (2021). Sustainable welfare: How do universal basic income and universal basic services compare? Ecological Economics, 189, 107152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107152
De Herde, V., Segers, Y., Maréchal, K., & Baret, P. V. (2022). Lock-ins to transition pathways anchored in contextualized cooperative dynamics: Insights from the historical trajectories of the Walloon dairy cooperatives. Journal of Rural Studies, 94, 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.04.003
De Schutter, O., Jacobs, N., & Clément, C. (2020). A ‘Common Food Policy’ for Europe: How governance reforms can spark a shift to healthy diets and sustainable food systems. Food Policy, 96, 101849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101849
Dentoni, D., Waddell, S., & Waddock, S. (2017). Pathways of transformation in global food and agricultural systems: Implications from a large systems change theory perspective. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 29, 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.10.003
Edwards, H. M., McDonald, S., & Young, S. M. (2009). The repertory grid technique: Its place in empirical software engineering research. Information and Software Technology, 51, 785–798.
Edwards, F., Sonnino, R., & Cifuentes, M. L. (2024). Connecting the dots: Integrating food policies towards food system transformation. Environmental Science & Policy, 156, 103735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103735
Ejderyan, Olivier, Frick, Rebekka, Home, Robert, Lapuh, Lucija, Kapgen, Diane, Rybol, Judith, Stadler, Lena, Tessier, Louis, & Vardhan Apoorva. (2023). D1.1: Conceptual Framework [Deliverable of Horizon Europe Project ENFASYS]. https://www.enfasysproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/D1.1.pdf
El Bilali, H. (2018). Relation between innovation and sustainability in the agro-food system. Italian Journal of Food Science, 30(2).
Feola, G. (2015). Societal transformation in response to global environmental change: A review of emerging concepts. Ambio, 44(5), 376–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0582-z
Fieldsend, A. F., Cronin, E., Varga, E., Biró, S., & Rogge, E. (2020). Organisational Innovation Systems for multi-actor co-innovation in European agriculture, forestry and related sectors: Diversity and common attributes. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 92(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2020.100335
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Gaines, B.R. & Shaw, M.L.G. (2021). RepGrid Manual. Eliciting, Entering, Editing and Analyzing a Conceptual Grid. https://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~gaines/Manuals/RepGrid.pdf
Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research Policy, 31(8–9), 1257–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00062-8
Goodman, D., DuPuis, E. M., & Goodman, M. K. (2012). Alternative food networks: Knowledge, practice, and politics. Routledge.
Hadorn, G. H., Hoffmann-Riem, H., Biber-Klemm, S., Grossenbacher-Mansuy, W., Joye, D., Pohl, C., ... & Zemp, E. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of transdisciplinary research. Dordrecht: Springer.
Hebinck, A., Vervoort, J. M., Hebinck, P., Rutting, L., & Galli, F. (2018). Imagining transformative futures: Participatory foresight for food systems change. Ecology and Society, 23(2), art16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10054-230216
Hickel, J., & Kallis, G. (2019). Is Green Growth Possible? New Political Economy, 25(4), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2019.1598964
Honey, P. (1979). The repertory grid in action: How to use it to conduct an attitude survey. Industrial and Commercial Training, 11(11), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb003756
Home, R., Bauer, N. and Hunziker, M. (2007) Constructing Urban Greenspaces: An Application of Kelly's Repertory Grid, Tourism Review, 62(3+4), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370780000321
Horcea-Milcu, A. I., Abson, D. J., Apetrei, C. I., Duse, I. A., Freeth, R., Riechers, M., ... & Lang, D. J. (2019). Values in transformational sustainability science: four perspectives for change. Sustainability Science, 14, 1425-1437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00656-1
Hu, F., & Trivedi, R. H. (2020). Mapping hotel brand positioning and competitive landscapes by text-mining user-generated content. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 84, 102317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102317
Jankowicz, D. (2004). The easy guide to repertory grids. Wiley.
Kallis, G. (2017). Radical dematerialization and degrowth. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2095), 20160383. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0383
Kelly, G. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. V. 1. A Theory of Personality. WW Norton.
Klerkx, L., & Begemann, S. (2020). Supporting food systems transformation: The what, why, who, where and how of mission-oriented agricultural innovation systems. Agricultural Systems, 184, 102901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102901
Kuokkanen, A., Mikkilä, M., Kuisma, M., Kahiluoto, H., & Linnanen, L. (2017). The need for policy to address the food system lock-in: A case study of the Finnish context. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 933–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.171
Linares, A., Yoldi, U., Gava, O., Schwarz, G., Povellato, A., & Carlos, A. (2022). Assessment of the Common Agricultural Policy 2014–2020 in Supporting Agroecological Transitions: A Comparative Study of 15 Cases across Europe. Sustainability, 14, 9261. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159261
Liverpool-Tasie, L. S. O., Wineman, A., Young, S., Tambo, J., Vargas, C., Reardon, T., ... & Celestin, A. (2020). A scoping review of market links between value chain actors and small-scale producers in developing regions. Nature sustainability, 3(10), 799-808.
Marshal, R., Datta, R., & Latha, K. (2024). Food Security and Its Impact on Society: Cases of Developing World. In Food Security in a Developing World: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities (pp. 101-115). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Mindrila, D. & Balentyne, P. (2013). Scatterplots and Correlation. In Moore, D. S., Notz, W. I., & Flinger, M. A. (Hrsg.), The basic practice of statistics (6th edition). W. H. Feeman and Company.
Morrissey, J. E., Mirosa, M., & Abbott, M. (2014). Identifying Transition Capacity for Agri-food Regimes: Application of the Multi-level Perspective for Strategic Mapping. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 16(2), 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2013.845521
Moscatelli, S., El Bilali, H., Gamboni, M., & Capone, R. (2016). Towards sustainable food systems: A holistic, interdisciplinary and systemic approach. Agrofor, 1(1).
Muller, A., & Huppenbauer, M. (2016). Sufficiency, Liberal Societies and Environmental Policy in the Face of Planetary Boundaries. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 25(2), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.25.2.10
Muluneh, M.G. Impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security: a global perspective—a review article. Agric & Food Secur, 10, 36 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00318-5
Patterson, J., Schulz, K., Vervoort, J., Van Der Hel, S., Widerberg, O., Adler, C., Hurlbert, M., Anderton, K., Sethi, M., & Barau, A. (2017). Exploring the governance and politics of transformations towards sustainability. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 24, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2016.09.001
Pelling, M. (2011). Adaptation to climate change: From resilience to transformation (1. publ). Routledge.
Raworth, K. (2022). Doughnut economics: Seven ways to think like a 21st-century economist. Penguin Books.
Rice, C., Harrison, E., & Friedman, M. (2019). Doing Justice to Intersectionality in Research. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 19(6), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708619829779
Saviolidis, N. M., Olafsdottir, G., Nicolau, M., Samoggia, A., Huber, E., Brimont, L., ... & Bogason, S. G. (2020). Stakeholder perceptions of policy tools in support of sustainable food consumption in Europe: policy implications. Sustainability, 12(17), 7161.
Scoones, I., Leach, M., & Newell, P. (Hrsg.). (2015). The politics of green transformations. Routledge.
Stirling, A. (2015). Emancipating Transformations. In The Politics of Green Transformations (1. ed., pp. 54–67). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315747378-4
Turnhout, E., McElwee, P., Chiroleu‐Assouline, M., Clapp, J., Isenhour, C., Kelemen, E., Jackson, T., Miller, D. C., Rusch, G. M., Spangenberg, J. H., & Waldron, A. (2021). Enabling transformative economic change in the post‐2020 biodiversity agenda. Conservation Letters, 14(4), e12805. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12805
Weber, H., Poeggel, K., Eakin, H., Fischer, D., Lang, D. J., Wehrden, H. V., & Wiek, A. (2020). What are the ingredients for food systems change towards sustainability?—Insights from the literature. Environmental Research Letters, 15(11), 113001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab99fd
Willis, R. (2020). Too hot to handle?: The democratic challenge of climate change. Bristol University Press.
Winter, D. (2003) Repertory grid technique as a psychotherapy research measure. Psychotherapy Research, 13(1). 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptr/kpg005
Whyte, G., & Bytheway, A. (1996). Factors affecting information systems’ success. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 7(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564239610109429
Wolfram, M. (2016). Conceptualizing urban transformative capacity: A framework for research and policy. Cities, 51, 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.11.011
Bergeret, A., & Lavorel, S. (2022). Stakeholder visions for trajectories of adaptation to climate change in the Drôme catchment (French Alps). Regional Environmental Change, 22(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01876-5
Büchs, M. (2021). Sustainable welfare: How do universal basic income and universal basic services compare? Ecological Economics, 189, 107152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107152
De Herde, V., Segers, Y., Maréchal, K., & Baret, P. V. (2022). Lock-ins to transition pathways anchored in contextualized cooperative dynamics: Insights from the historical trajectories of the Walloon dairy cooperatives. Journal of Rural Studies, 94, 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.04.003
De Schutter, O., Jacobs, N., & Clément, C. (2020). A ‘Common Food Policy’ for Europe: How governance reforms can spark a shift to healthy diets and sustainable food systems. Food Policy, 96, 101849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101849
Dentoni, D., Waddell, S., & Waddock, S. (2017). Pathways of transformation in global food and agricultural systems: Implications from a large systems change theory perspective. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 29, 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.10.003
Edwards, H. M., McDonald, S., & Young, S. M. (2009). The repertory grid technique: Its place in empirical software engineering research. Information and Software Technology, 51, 785–798.
Edwards, F., Sonnino, R., & Cifuentes, M. L. (2024). Connecting the dots: Integrating food policies towards food system transformation. Environmental Science & Policy, 156, 103735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103735
Ejderyan, Olivier, Frick, Rebekka, Home, Robert, Lapuh, Lucija, Kapgen, Diane, Rybol, Judith, Stadler, Lena, Tessier, Louis, & Vardhan Apoorva. (2023). D1.1: Conceptual Framework [Deliverable of Horizon Europe Project ENFASYS]. https://www.enfasysproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/D1.1.pdf
El Bilali, H. (2018). Relation between innovation and sustainability in the agro-food system. Italian Journal of Food Science, 30(2).
Feola, G. (2015). Societal transformation in response to global environmental change: A review of emerging concepts. Ambio, 44(5), 376–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0582-z
Fieldsend, A. F., Cronin, E., Varga, E., Biró, S., & Rogge, E. (2020). Organisational Innovation Systems for multi-actor co-innovation in European agriculture, forestry and related sectors: Diversity and common attributes. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 92(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2020.100335
Fransella, F., Bell, R., & Bannister, D. (2004). A manual for repertory grid technique. John Wiley & Sons.
Gaines, B.R. & Shaw, M.L.G. (2021). RepGrid Manual. Eliciting, Entering, Editing and Analyzing a Conceptual Grid. https://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~gaines/Manuals/RepGrid.pdf
Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research Policy, 31(8–9), 1257–1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00062-8
Goodman, D., DuPuis, E. M., & Goodman, M. K. (2012). Alternative food networks: Knowledge, practice, and politics. Routledge.
Hadorn, G. H., Hoffmann-Riem, H., Biber-Klemm, S., Grossenbacher-Mansuy, W., Joye, D., Pohl, C., ... & Zemp, E. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of transdisciplinary research. Dordrecht: Springer.
Hebinck, A., Vervoort, J. M., Hebinck, P., Rutting, L., & Galli, F. (2018). Imagining transformative futures: Participatory foresight for food systems change. Ecology and Society, 23(2), art16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10054-230216
Hickel, J., & Kallis, G. (2019). Is Green Growth Possible? New Political Economy, 25(4), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2019.1598964
Honey, P. (1979). The repertory grid in action: How to use it to conduct an attitude survey. Industrial and Commercial Training, 11(11), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb003756
Home, R., Bauer, N. and Hunziker, M. (2007) Constructing Urban Greenspaces: An Application of Kelly's Repertory Grid, Tourism Review, 62(3+4), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370780000321
Horcea-Milcu, A. I., Abson, D. J., Apetrei, C. I., Duse, I. A., Freeth, R., Riechers, M., ... & Lang, D. J. (2019). Values in transformational sustainability science: four perspectives for change. Sustainability Science, 14, 1425-1437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00656-1
Hu, F., & Trivedi, R. H. (2020). Mapping hotel brand positioning and competitive landscapes by text-mining user-generated content. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 84, 102317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102317
Jankowicz, D. (2004). The easy guide to repertory grids. Wiley.
Kallis, G. (2017). Radical dematerialization and degrowth. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375(2095), 20160383. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0383
Kelly, G. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. V. 1. A Theory of Personality. WW Norton.
Klerkx, L., & Begemann, S. (2020). Supporting food systems transformation: The what, why, who, where and how of mission-oriented agricultural innovation systems. Agricultural Systems, 184, 102901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102901
Kuokkanen, A., Mikkilä, M., Kuisma, M., Kahiluoto, H., & Linnanen, L. (2017). The need for policy to address the food system lock-in: A case study of the Finnish context. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 933–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.171
Linares, A., Yoldi, U., Gava, O., Schwarz, G., Povellato, A., & Carlos, A. (2022). Assessment of the Common Agricultural Policy 2014–2020 in Supporting Agroecological Transitions: A Comparative Study of 15 Cases across Europe. Sustainability, 14, 9261. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159261
Liverpool-Tasie, L. S. O., Wineman, A., Young, S., Tambo, J., Vargas, C., Reardon, T., ... & Celestin, A. (2020). A scoping review of market links between value chain actors and small-scale producers in developing regions. Nature sustainability, 3(10), 799-808.
Marshal, R., Datta, R., & Latha, K. (2024). Food Security and Its Impact on Society: Cases of Developing World. In Food Security in a Developing World: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities (pp. 101-115). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Mindrila, D. & Balentyne, P. (2013). Scatterplots and Correlation. In Moore, D. S., Notz, W. I., & Flinger, M. A. (Hrsg.), The basic practice of statistics (6th edition). W. H. Feeman and Company.
Morrissey, J. E., Mirosa, M., & Abbott, M. (2014). Identifying Transition Capacity for Agri-food Regimes: Application of the Multi-level Perspective for Strategic Mapping. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 16(2), 281–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2013.845521
Moscatelli, S., El Bilali, H., Gamboni, M., & Capone, R. (2016). Towards sustainable food systems: A holistic, interdisciplinary and systemic approach. Agrofor, 1(1).
Muller, A., & Huppenbauer, M. (2016). Sufficiency, Liberal Societies and Environmental Policy in the Face of Planetary Boundaries. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 25(2), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.25.2.10
Muluneh, M.G. Impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security: a global perspective—a review article. Agric & Food Secur, 10, 36 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00318-5
Patterson, J., Schulz, K., Vervoort, J., Van Der Hel, S., Widerberg, O., Adler, C., Hurlbert, M., Anderton, K., Sethi, M., & Barau, A. (2017). Exploring the governance and politics of transformations towards sustainability. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 24, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2016.09.001
Pelling, M. (2011). Adaptation to climate change: From resilience to transformation (1. publ). Routledge.
Raworth, K. (2022). Doughnut economics: Seven ways to think like a 21st-century economist. Penguin Books.
Rice, C., Harrison, E., & Friedman, M. (2019). Doing Justice to Intersectionality in Research. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 19(6), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708619829779
Saviolidis, N. M., Olafsdottir, G., Nicolau, M., Samoggia, A., Huber, E., Brimont, L., ... & Bogason, S. G. (2020). Stakeholder perceptions of policy tools in support of sustainable food consumption in Europe: policy implications. Sustainability, 12(17), 7161.
Scoones, I., Leach, M., & Newell, P. (Hrsg.). (2015). The politics of green transformations. Routledge.
Stirling, A. (2015). Emancipating Transformations. In The Politics of Green Transformations (1. ed., pp. 54–67). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315747378-4
Turnhout, E., McElwee, P., Chiroleu‐Assouline, M., Clapp, J., Isenhour, C., Kelemen, E., Jackson, T., Miller, D. C., Rusch, G. M., Spangenberg, J. H., & Waldron, A. (2021). Enabling transformative economic change in the post‐2020 biodiversity agenda. Conservation Letters, 14(4), e12805. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12805
Weber, H., Poeggel, K., Eakin, H., Fischer, D., Lang, D. J., Wehrden, H. V., & Wiek, A. (2020). What are the ingredients for food systems change towards sustainability?—Insights from the literature. Environmental Research Letters, 15(11), 113001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab99fd
Willis, R. (2020). Too hot to handle?: The democratic challenge of climate change. Bristol University Press.
Winter, D. (2003) Repertory grid technique as a psychotherapy research measure. Psychotherapy Research, 13(1). 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptr/kpg005
Whyte, G., & Bytheway, A. (1996). Factors affecting information systems’ success. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 7(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564239610109429
Wolfram, M. (2016). Conceptualizing urban transformative capacity: A framework for research and policy. Cities, 51, 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.11.011
Issue
Section
Food System Transformation, Politicisation and Depoliticisation
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How to Cite
Frick, R. (2025) “Gaining a common understanding of transformation pathways in agri-food: Shared learning among partners of a Horizon Europe project”, The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 31(1), pp. 161–180. doi:10.48416/ijsaf.v31i1.647.
Funding data
-
European Research Executive Agency
Grant numbers 101059589 -
Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation
Grant numbers 22.00231