From coalitions to social movements Lessons from civic food coalition formation in Australia
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Published
Apr 11, 2024
Camille Freeman
Kiah Smith
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-3546
Abstract
Despite the abundant literature on the need for grassroots food system reform, the process for achieving such reform is less understood from the perspective of multi-scalar coalition building. Using semi-structured interviews with civic food coalition leaders in Australia, our paper examines the strengths and struggles associated with collectivising, collaborating, and planning that civic food coalitions experience as they aim to drive wider transformations in food systems. Findings indicate a need to pay heightened attention during the early stages of coalition formation, as this is when coalitions form a sustainable structure as they begin to scale up. In addition to gaining a better understanding of these internal dynamics, we argue that civic food coalitions can be one pathway to transform the food system, as they serve as an important catalyst to bring food-related issues (such as social and environmental justice) to the forefront in building alliances and collective action across communities.
How to Cite
Freeman, C. and Smith, K. (2024) “From coalitions to social movements: Lessons from civic food coalition formation in Australia”, The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food. Paris, France, 30(1), pp. 1–17. doi: 10.48416/ijsaf.v30i1.528.
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Keywords
coalition building, civic food networks, transformative pathways, scale, community coalition action theory
References
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Lauby F (2021) The leadership challenge: Undocumented youths in social movement
coalitions in the United States. Social Movement Studies 20(5): 549–566.
Levkoe CZ and Wakefield S (2014) Understanding contemporary networks of environmental and social change: Complex assemblages within Canada’s “Food Movement”. Environmental Politics 23(2): 302–320.
Levi M and Murphy H (2006) Coalitions of contention: The case of the WTO protests
in Seattle. Political Studies 54(4): 651–670.
Lohest F, Bauler T, Sureau S, Mol JV and Achten WMJ (2019) Linking food
democracy and sustainability on the ground: Learnings from the study of three alternative food networks in Brussels. Politics and Governance 7(4): 21–31.
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practice social movement engagement in food systems governance for sustainability, justice, and democracy. In: Andrée P, Clark JK, Levkoe CZ and Lowitt K (eds) Civil society and social movements in food system governance. New York: Routledge, pp.1-18.
Beamish TD and Luebbers AJ (2009) Alliance building across Social Movements: Bridging
difference in a peace and justice coalition. Social Problems 56(4): 647–676.
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Wiley & Sons.
Butterfoss FD and Kegler MC (2002) Toward a comprehensive understanding of
community coalitions. Moving from practice to theory. In: Di Clemente RJ, Crosby RA and Kegler MC (eds) Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research strategies for improving public health. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, pp. 157–193.
Brooker ME and Meyer D (2019) Coalitions and the organization of collective action. In:
Snow DA, Soule SA, Kriesei H and McCammon HJ (eds) The Wiley Blackwell companion to social movements. 2nd ed. Newark: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 252–268.
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coalition building across countries and sectors in the Global Justice Movement. Social Movement Studies 21(1-2): 8–24.
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Diani M, Lindsay I and Purdue D (2010) Sustained interactions? Social movements and coalitions in local settings. In: Van Dyke N and McCammon HJ (eds) Strategic alliances coalition building and social movements. Minneapolis: University of
Minnesota Press, pp. 219-238.
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collective action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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and Human Values 33(1): 191–202.
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155–174.
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world 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/ca9692en/online/ca9692en.html
Flick U. (2007). Qualitative research kit: Designing qualitative research. Thousand Oaks:
SAGE Publications Ltd.
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thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology & Society 15(4): 20
Fox J (2010) Coalitions and networks. In: Anheier HK and Toepler S (eds) International encyclopedia of civil society. New York City: Springer, pp. 486 - 492.
Gawerc MI (2020) Diverse social movement coalitions: Prospects and challenges. Sociology
Compass 14(1): 1-15.
Ghaffari M, Armoon B, Khoramrooz S and Harooni J (2021) Community Coalition
Action Theory: Introducing an interventional application to confronting Covid-19. International Quarterly of Community Health Education 0(0): 1-7.
Guenther KM (2010) The strength of weak coalitions: Transregional feminist coalitions in
Eastern Germany. In: Van Dyke N and McCammon HJ (eds) Strategic Alliances Coalition Building and Social Movements. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp.119-139.
Haydu J (2012) Frame brokerage in the pure food movement, 1879–1906. Social Movement Studies 11(1): 97-112.
HLPE (2019) Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. Available at: https://www.fao.org/3/ca5602en/ca5602en.pdf
Hoey L and Sponseller A (2018) “It’s hard to be strategic when your hair is on fire’: Alternative food movement leaders’ motivation and capacity to act. Agriculture and Human Values 35: 595-609.
Holt-Giménez E and Shattuck A (2011) Food crises, food regimes and food movements: Rumblings of reform or tides of transformation? The Journal of Peasant Studies (38)1: 109-144.
Johnson C and Andrée P (2019) Pathways to co-governance? The role of NGOs in food governance in the Northwest Territories, Canada. In: Andrée P, Clark JK, Levkoe CZ
and Lowitt K (eds) Civil society and social movements in food system governance. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 43-62.
Kegler MC and Swan DW (2011) An initial attempt at operationalizing and testing the Community Coalition Action Theory. Health Education & Behavior 38(3): 261–270.
Kropp C (2018) Urban food movements and their transformative capacities.
International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food 24(3): 413-430.
Lang T, Barling D and Caraher M (2009) Food policy: Integrating health, environment and society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Larder N, Lyons K and Woolcock G (2014) Enacting food sovereignty: Values and meanings in the act of domestic food production in urban Australia. Local Environment 19(1): 56–76.
Lauby F (2021) The leadership challenge: Undocumented youths in social movement
coalitions in the United States. Social Movement Studies 20(5): 549–566.
Levkoe CZ and Wakefield S (2014) Understanding contemporary networks of environmental and social change: Complex assemblages within Canada’s “Food Movement”. Environmental Politics 23(2): 302–320.
Levi M and Murphy H (2006) Coalitions of contention: The case of the WTO protests
in Seattle. Political Studies 54(4): 651–670.
Lohest F, Bauler T, Sureau S, Mol JV and Achten WMJ (2019) Linking food
democracy and sustainability on the ground: Learnings from the study of three alternative food networks in Brussels. Politics and Governance 7(4): 21–31.
Lourival I and Rose N (2020) From Nar Nar Goon to Koo Wee Rup: Can participatory food policy making processes contribute to healthier and fairer food systems in the Australian municipal context? A case study from Cardinia Shire, Melbourne. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 17(2): 265-299.
Luque JS, Tyson DM, Bynum SA, Noel-Thomas S, Wells KJ, Vadaparampil ST, Gwede CK
and Meade CD (2011) A social network analysis approach to understand changes in
a cancer disparities community partnership network. Annals of Anthropological
Practice 35(2):112–135.
Lyons K, Richards C, Desfours L and Amati M (2013) Food in the city: Urban food movements and the (re)-imagining of urban spaces. Australian Planner 50(2): 157– 163.
MacRae R and Donahue K (2013) Municipal food policy entrepreneurs: A preliminary analysis of how Canadian cities and regional districts are involved in food system change. Toronto Food Policy Council. Available at: https://foodsecurecanada.org/ resources-news/resources-research/municipal-foodpolicy-entrepreneurs
Mann A (2019) Voice and participation in global food politics. Abingdon: Routledge.
Mann A (2021) Food in a changing climate. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
Marsden T and Morley A (2014) Current food questions and their scholarly challenges: Creating and framing a sustainable food paradigm. In: Marsden T and Morley A (eds) Sustainable food systems: Building a new paradigm. Abingdon: Routledge, pp.
1-29.
Martínez-Torres ME and Rosset PM (2010) La Vía Campesina: The birth and evolution
of a transnational social movement. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37(1): 149–175.
Mattioni D (2021) Constructing a food retail environment that encourages healthy diets in
cities: The contribution of local-level policy makers and civil society. International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture & Food 27(1): 87-101.
McCammon HJ and Moon M (2015) Social movement coalitions. In: Della Porta D and Diani M (eds) The Oxford handbook of social movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 326–339.
McCammon HJ and Van Dyke N (2010) Social movement coalition formation. In: Van Dyke N and McCammon HJ (eds) Strategic Alliances Coalition Building and Social Movements. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. xi-xxviii.
McCartan J and Palermo C (2017) The role of a food policy coalition in influencing a local food environment: An Australian case study. Public Health Nutrition 20(5): 917–926.
McMichael P (2008) Peasants make their own history, but not just as they please. Journal
of Agrarian Change 8(2-3): 205–228.
Merriam SB and Tisdell EJ (2015) Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Hoboken: Jossey-Bass & Pfeiffer Imprints.
Meyer D and Corrigall-Brown C (2005) Coalitions and political context: U.S. movements against wars in Iraq. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 10(3): 327–344.
Miller RL, Reed SJ, Chiaramonte D, Strzyzykowski T, Spring H, Acevedo‐
Polakovich ID, Chutuape K, Cooper‐Walker B, Boyer CB and Ellen JM (2017) Structural and community change outcomes of the Connect‐to‐Protect Coalitions: Trials and triumphs securing adolescent access to HIV prevention, testing, and medical care. American Journal of Community Psychology 60(1-2):199–214.
Moragues-Faus A (2017) Problematising justice definitions in public food security debates: Towards global and participative food justices. Geoforum 84: 95–106.
Nemes G, Chiffoleau Y, Zollet S, Collison M, Benedek Z, Colantuono F, Dulsrud A,
Fiore M, Holtkamp C, Kim TY, Korzun M, Mesa-Manzano R, Reckinger R, Ruiz-Martínez I, Smith K, Tamura N, Viteri ML and Orbán É (2021) The impact of COVID-19 on alternative and local food systems and the potential for the sustainability transition: Insights from 13 countries. Sustainable Production and Consumption 28: 591–599.
Parker F and Morgan E (2013) Hungry for change: The Sydney Food Fairness Alliance. In: Farmar-Bowles Q, Higgins V and Millar J (eds) Food security in Australia: Challenges and prospects for the future. New York: Springer, pp. 113-127.
Pereira LM, Drimie SB, Maciejewski K, Biggs R and Tonissen PB (2020) Food system
transformation: Integrating a political–economy and social–ecological approach to regime shifts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(4): Article 1313.
Renting H, Schermer M and Rossi A (2012) Building food democracy: Exploring civic food networks and newly emerging forms of food citizenship. International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food 19(3): 289-307.
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